Chris Character Essay

â€Å"All My Sons† is considered Miller’s most famous play. The play is an assertion of the need for the individual to accept full responsibility for his actions, to acknowledge the reality of a world in which the idea of brotherhood is an active principle rather than simple piety. It is to be regarded as a sever attack on materialism which stands at odds with human values, on a war-profiteer’s drive for profits based on an ethic that Familial obligations should come first, even at the expense of his social responsibilities and obligations. The title of the play is very significant; since it indicate one of the most important subsidiary themes of the play, namely â€Å"the father-son relationship†. As we have said before the main theme of the play has to deal with the importance of a Man’s social responsibility as compared to his responsibility towards his family. This main theme is very related, even interwoven, with the conflict that might arise between a son’s duty towards his father and his own moral duty towards his society. Perhaps, a close examination of the character of Chris Keller and his relation to his father would make this point even clearer. As the play opens, we are immediately made to realize how Chris highly regards his father and the depth of his affection for him that he comes to believe that he (his father) is a perfect and ideal person. This fact has been affirmed when his mother-Kate- expresses her worries about George’s – Steve Deveer’s son- purpose in paying a visit to their house. She is quite sure that the later -being a lawyer now- intends to open the case of his father again. Chris affirms her † you’re silly; what’s there to be afraid of†; which clearly indicate his high regard of his father and his complete awareness of his innocence. And when his mother affirms that â€Å"to his last day in court Steve never gave up the idea that Dad made him do it† and that â€Å"if they are going to open the case again† she â€Å"won’t live through it† Chris assures her that he would stand by her and his father in a very determinant manner: â€Å"George is just a damn fool, Mother, how can you take him seriously†. Later on, as George tries to convince Chris that the later’s father is the real culprit, Chris refuses to believe his accusations against his father: Chris: on his [Steve Deveer] own. And because he is a frightened mouse this is another thing he’d done through the blame on somebody else because he’s not man enough to take it himself. He tried it in the court, but it did not work, but with fools like you [George] it works. Matter-of-fact, Chris idealistic streak is indeed the key feature towards a clear-cut revelation of his character. This idealism has been manifested in more than one occasion. First, as he was explaining to Ann the reason why he has delayed his confession of Love for her, he attribute it to his own feeling of guilt at the thought that all the men under his command had died when he himself survived. He even feels even guiltier when he finds that the world has not changed as a consequence of the War, as it retains its very selfish and callous attitudes as it used to be before the War: Chris: †¦ they [the young soldiers under his command] didn’t die; they killed themselves for each other. I mean that exactly; a little more selfish and they’d’ve been here today†¦ And then I came home and it was incredible. I – there was no meaning in it here; the whole thing to them [the American society] was a kind of a-bus accident†¦ Because no body was changed at all†¦ I felt wrong to be alive, to open a bank-book, to drive the new car†¦ † Elsewhere, Chris idealism finds expression in his feeling surprised and shocked by the revelation that his father was the real culprit in the matter of supplying defective cylinder heads to the air force, after his confrontation with his mother about Ann’s stay in their house, which has developed to its peak that Kate affirms him that his father had really been guilty: Kate: †¦ your brother is alive, darling, because if he’s dead, your father killed him. Do you understand me now? As long as you live, that boy is alive. God does not let a son be killed by his father. As his father tries to defend himself, affirming that Larry â€Å"never flew a P-40† Chris idealism has been asserted once more. He affirms his father that he seems to be living in an altogether different world from the one in which other people are living. Even when his father affirms that he had supplied defective equipment to the air forces for his (Chris) sake: â€Å"Chris†¦ Chris, I did it for you, it was a chance and I took it for you. I’m sixty-one years old, when would I have another chance to make something for you? Sixty-one years old you don’t get another chance, do ya? Chris condemn his father’s causes and his complete lake of social responsibility; saying; â€Å"For me! Where do you live, where have you come from? For me! I was dying everyday and you were killing my boys and you did it for me? What the hell do you think I was thinking of, the goddam business?†¦ Don’t you have a country? Don’t you live in a world? Elsewhere, Chris’s idealism has been manifested as he tells Ann that during the fight there used to be a sense of honor between all soldiers, which forced them to behave in an honorable manner. But now he comes to realize that: â€Å"this is the land of the great big dogs, you do not love a man here, you eat him! That’s the principle, the only one we live by- it just happened to kill few people this time that’s all. The world’s that’s way, how can I take it out on him†. That’s to say he believes that the main principle governing life is to pursue self-interest, even at the expense of others. Chris’s shock, as he himself explain it later, results from the fact that he is really convinced that his father â€Å"is no worse than most men, but [he had] thought [his father] to be a better man than most†. This shock caused a sever kind of internal conflict inside him between his Idealism and Practicality, to the extend that towards the end of the play he admits to his mother and Ann that his idealism had left him and that he has now become a practical man who does not have the courage to force his father to face the consequences of his guilt. He further affirms them that he is no longer â€Å"human† and that his now like every body else. Referring to his father, Chris tells his mother â€Å"I could jail him, if I were human any more†Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ â€Å"I’m practical now. You made me practical†. As his mother tries to convince him that there is nothing wrong in being practical; Chris replies that even cats in the streets are practical, and the cowards who ran away from the battlefield during the war were practical. That’s to say for Chris practicality is the word which unworthy people use to justify their own selfish attitudes: † But I’m practical and I spit on myself†. It is worthy of note that â€Å"much of the success of â€Å"All My Sons† has been due to Miller’s complex vision of Keller’s shared guilt and each’s contribution to this family collapse. That’s to say Miller was keen to affirm that Joe Keller is not solely responsible for his family troubles, and ultimate disaster†. Chris, also, is responsible for his family’s dilemma. Though he adopts a highly moral tone, he was only trying to escape his own sense of guilt. Having watching the heroic young men under his command die selflessly in the battle to save their comrades, Chris feels guilty for failing them and surviving the war. So when he was given a chance to escape his anguish, he tries to find relief out of his sense of guilt; in the form of contempt for his father’s criminal act, on the hope that by destroying his father he can some how escape his own sins and his own personal torment. His father, thus, becomes his scapegoat. It is hard, therefore, not to see and condemn the hypocrisy behind the zeal that leads to Keller’s Suicide. His motives are purely selfish. We all know that his words ring hollow because he has long suspected his father’s guilt, but deliberately avoided confronting the truth-again for purely selfish motives: at some level Chris fears that if he allows himself to see his father’s human imperfection, he will also have to realize his own limitations- and his experience in the war make him dread that confrontation.

Malnutrition and Hunger in Poor Children in India Essay

Inadequate nutritious diet leads to poor physical and mental development in children, and the problem is more prevalent in the developing countries than the developed countries. Extreme poverty and lack of health awareness in the poor communities cause malnutrition and hunger in pregnant mothers and their developing children. If the problem is not treated timely with appropriate medical intervention, it can lead to adverse consequences, including tragic but preventable death. Causes of Malnutrition and Its Accompanying Deficiency Diseases Sengupta (2009) reported that 42. 5% of children below the age of five years are underweight in India. This is primarily due to illiteracy, lack of awareness about health and hygiene, and scanty financial resources for providing a nutritious diet to the pregnant mothers and their growing children. Sengupta highlighted that only $ 1. 3 billion were being spent to tackle the massive problem of malnutrition and hunger in a country where 230 million children are undernourished. According to International Food Policy Research Institute, 83% of Indian women suffer from anemia, and thus, a baby born from a malnourished mother will be underweight, which is also supported by their findings that 33% of babies born in India are underweight. Can such malnourished children survive? Are they more vulnerable to catch infectious diseases than healthy children? Muller (2005) claimed that Kwashiorkar and Marasmus are two major disorders in children, which are caused by an intake of diet that is poor in proteins and energy giving foods. The symptoms in a Kwashiorkar affected child include swelling of body parts, and it can lead to death if not properly treated; whereas in case of Marasmus, the child can become a victim of paralysis if adequate amounts of proteins and energy are not fed. Ramani and D’Souza (2006) reported that malnutrition makes the child more vulnerable to other deadly diseases, and accounts for 57% of those deaths in undernourished children due to Malaria, 61% of such fatalities resulting from Diarrhea, and 52% of children’s deaths caused by Pneumonia. Intervention Programs to Combat Deadly Malnutrition After going through detailed analyses of the causes and disastrous consequences of the problem of malnutrition and hunger in India, I would strongly propose a health awareness program at the grass root levels. I would propose setting up special health care centers for pregnant mothers and infants, which aim to provide both health education and vital food supplements rich in protein and carbohydrates. Sengupta (2009) had also emphasized the need to care for dietary requirements of pregnant mothers, and their children below two years of age. Since it is not possible to provide a nutritious diet to pregnant mothers and their 230 million malnourished children with a petty sanctioned amount of $ 1. 3 billion, I shall write to World Bank, UNICEF, WHO and other international organizations to contribute to the existing development program for feeding pregnant mothers and their malnourished children. Besides suggesting an intake of protein and energy giving foods for tackling Kwashiorkar and Marasmus, I shall also inform them the need of micronutrients, which are available in green and yellow vegetables. How can a malnourished mother give birth to a healthy child? I shall educate, and request the father of the family to give an equal status to the woman by allowing her to eat together with the rest of the family. According to International Food Policy research Institute, 83% of Indian women suffer from anemia because they eat the residual meals of the family. Conclusion By using a proactive and results-oriented approach, I shall raise funds for educating the individual families to give a nutritious diet to the pregnant mothers and their children. References International Food Policy Research Institute. Despite efforts, why does child malnutrition persist in India? Retrieved from http://www. ifpri. org/media/BeijingPlus10/briefIndia. pdf. Muller, O, & Krawinkel, M. (August 2, 2005). Malnutrition and health in developing countries. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 173 (3). Retrieved from http://www. cmaj. ca/cgi/content/full/173/3/279 Ramani, A. V. , & D’Souza, R. (July-September 2006). Misunderstanding malnutrition. Indian Journal of Medical Ethics, 14(3). Retrieved from http://www. ijme. in/143ed84. html. Sengupta, S. (March 12, 2009). As Indian growth soars, child hunger persists. The New York Times. Asia Pacific. Retrieved from http://www. nytimes. com/2009/03/13/world/asia/13malnutrition. html

Event management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Event management - Essay Example The brief discussion comprehended in this paper concentrates on the event of â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† which is planned to be held on 12th June, 2012.Hereby, the objective of the paper will focus on the event management strategy for the organisation of â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† on 12th June, 2012 In this context, the management of the program will involve the concept of the event along with its intention to gather organisations for the event The paper will also involve a brief description of the target group for whom the event will be held along with the estimated budget required, execution strategies and required marketing plan with the professional partners and sub-contractors. Concept of the Event The observation of â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† was commenced by the International Labour Organisation (ILO) in the year 2002 as a strong movement against the global extension of child labour. However, the accomplishment against this vulnerable issue initially took place through the acceptance of Convention No. 182 by ILO in 1999. Following this adoption, ILO also announced the â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† as 12th day of June each year by 2002 which was also consolidated with the annual consensus concentrated upon the elimination of child labour including the working children below the age of 15 years. According to the current scenario that has been acknowledged by ILO, more than 215 millions of children all around the world are victim to this vulnerable issue of child labour which certainly require adequate attention from the major international bodies (United Nations, 2010). The abolition with regards to the child labour was one of the necessary steps that have been taken at the foundation of ILO in the year 1919. ILO has also considered the minimum age of being employed for a child to be his/her age after completing the compulsory schooling which have been pronounced in the Convention No. 138. To be precise, children at work must be more than 15years of age; however, light work according to the capability of the child can be allocated to the children aged between 13 to 15 years. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that any hazardous work which may have a severe impact on the health should engage only the children above the age of 18 years (ILO/IPEC-SIMPOC, Geneva, 2007). The emerging scenario of the child labour has been regarded as one of the most embarrassing situations in this global world of development. With regards to the prevention step against the child labour, ILO has taken numerous initiatives with the assistance of different concerned organisations such as United Nations Convention, and International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour among others (ILO/IPEC-SIMPOC, Geneva, 2007). The figure estimated by ILO indicates that more than 15 millions of child workers amongst the total numbers of child labour victims are involved with risky and harmful work s which certainly depicts a severe condition of the working environment (United Nations, 2010). Emphasising on its commitment to eliminate the Worst Form of Child Labour within the year 2016, International Labour Organisation (ILO) has undertaken several strategies towards this hazardous situation which includes generating increasing awareness amid the world societies and the corporate environment (United Nations, 2010). Hence, the â€Å"World Day against Child Labour† can be regarded as an important event to encourage the world from excluding the activities which encourage children to be involved in hazardous working conditions or such employments which do not meet their requirement of health and education. In this regards, the objectives for this event that need to be in practice for this world day can be identified as the generation of understanding and

Water shortage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Water shortage - Essay Example as an increase in human demand together with overuse of water (Maestu, 2013).Whereas the idea of water stress is comparatively new; it may be described as the hardness of getting fresh water sources for use for a certain period of time which may further lead to deterioration and depletion of the water resources available (Majumder, 2015). A water crisis on the other hand is a condition where the available unpolluted, drinkable water in a region is not enough to fulfill that given area’s demand. Water shortage may be as a result of 2 means; physical water shortage and economic water shortage, where physical water shortage is due to insufficient natural water sources to meet the demands of a given region and economic water shortage is due to poor management of the available water sources (Chartres & Varma, 2010). The United Nations Development Programme, claims that poor management of the adequate water sources is found more frequently to be the lead cause of agricultural ,household, environmental and industrial requirements, but do not have the means of providing it in a manner that is accessible. Reducing water shortage is an objective of several government and countries. The UN acknowledges the significance of minimizing the number of persons having no reliable access to fresh water as well as sanitation. Thus, the reduction of water shortage is one of the millennium development goals that should be met by this year (Postel,

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Yellow Wall-Paper short Essay

Where Are You Going, Where Have You Been Yellow Wall-Paper short stories - Essay Example Connie tries to appear worldly wise, but in reality at the bottom of heart she is a simple girl, unaccustomed to the harsh realities of life. She has created her own world of fantasy outside the house but in the house she is an entirely different personality facing all the controls exercised by the members of the joint family, especially her mother. Connie is the narrator of the story and in reality without Connie, there is no story; all issues arise out her and surround around her. In â€Å"Not for Sale,† exploitation of the famine gender is depicted and hence the genre of the story is different. Connie is a multi-dimensional character. She hates to be labeled as sister, daughter and the adjectives like nice girl. She has strong sexual urges and she likes freedom in those carefree surroundings where her sexual persona truly flourishes. She is conscious about the sexual prowess of the feminine gender. Connie emulates with deliberate efforts and she likes to flirt with boys and enjoys the carefree association with them. She has two types of dispositions, one at home and the other when she is outside and deals with people. On this issue Joyce Carol Oates writes, â€Å"Everything about her had two sides to it, one for home and one for anywhere that was not home,†(27) Sexuality beats the retreat at home. Sexuality is like a toy until Arnold appears in to the scene and Connie begins to take life seriously and responsibly. She tries to be mature but finds it tough to adapt. True romantic ideas engulf her and she finds it difficult to control herself and breaks down and she i s overpowered by the charming Arnold. At that stage she needs the parental help and she calls out her mother. My assessment of the marriage dynamics in the story is—a girl can get true happiness through marriage to an affectionate and understanding boy, and the girl should make sincere efforts towards that

Paper on Arabidopsis cold responses Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper on Arabidopsis cold responses - Essay Example It is widely speculated that the products of these genes have roles in freezing tolerance. The aim of this experiment was to provide direct evidence that supports this hypothesis. It shows that expression of COR15a, which is a cold-regulated gene of Arabidopsis thaliana that encodes a chloroplast-targeted polypeptide, enhances the freezing tolerance of chloroplasts in nonacclimated plants. The Effects of Cold Stress on the Cor15a Promoter of Arabidopsis thaliana In 1985, Guy et al. established that transformations in gene expression occurred in plants during cold acclimation, which is a developmental mechanism that leads to increase in freezing tolerance. Since then, it has continuously been speculated that some COR (cold-regulated) genes might play roles in freezing tolerance. To investigate this notion, scientists have isolated and characterized genes expressed as a response to low temperature. This has led to the identification of a number of genes such as the cor15a, KIN1, and LT I78 genes of Arabidopsis thaliana; and the pt59 and pao86 genes of barley (â€Å"Genome research†, 1995). Arabidopsis thaliana is widely used in botany as the model organism for studying plant genetics and growth responses. This plant is a member of the mustard (Brassicaceae) family, which includes cultivated species such as cabbage and radish. Although Arabidopsis thaliana does not have any major agronomic importance, it has advantages that make it ideal for use in research in the fields of genetics and molecular biology. The first advantage of Arabidopsis thaliana that make it favorable for research  is its small physical size, its fast growth rate, its capability in seed production, its genetic amenability to mutagenesis and transgenic approaches, and the widely available information on its genome. Secondly, Arabidopsis thaliana is well-suited for analysis with light microscopy. Its seedlings and their roots are translucent and smaller, thus they facilitate live cell ima ging with fluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy. Lastly, Arabidopsis thaliana is the first plant genome to ever be sequenced. This was completed in 2000 by the Arabidopsis Genome Initiative (Stewart, 2008). Most plants react to low temperatures by altering their intracellular concentrations of free amino acids and carbohydrates, isozyme patterns, and the composition of their membranes. Moreover, in response to low temperatures, there is an alteration in the activity of many genes. Dr. Michael Thomashow of Michigan State University conducted studies on how plants respond to cold temperatures. He examined cold-induced genes in the plant Arabidopsis and cloned cor (cold related) genes. One of these genes, cor15a, is induced by cold temperatures, drought, and the hormone abscisic acid. Cor15a is a nuclear gene that encodes a 15 kDa protein. The function of this protein is unknown. This 15 kDa protein is translated to chloroplasts and it may have a function in plant protect ion from cold. (Baker et al., 1994) isolated a DNA fragment that contained a promoter region and a few amino acids from the cor15a gene. They then joined it to the gusA gene, thereby producing a cor15a-gusAtranslational fusion which was introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana using Agrobacterium. This reporter gene is used in monitoring the response of the cor15agene in varied plant tissues. In this laboratory investigation, transgenic

Sports Psychology Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Sports Psychology - Research Paper Example ychology to these basics will dramatically improve the three key ingredients to a successful athletic program : fun, participation and development .† (Sports Psychology Basics PP2) He calls sports psychology â€Å"the glue that holds the three ingredients (mentioned above) together.† The first step in the psychological preparation for a sports person is to decide his commitment to the particular category of sports. Some people will engage in sports just for fun. Hence beyond the fun element the degree of commitment has to be decided first. One’s own skill in that particular sport or in the position in which one wants to play in a team is to be assessed next. Only after doing these can one set a goal to achieve. This goal is to be set up in the general backdrop of the goal of one’s life thus to prioritize the goals. Though goal setting is the most important first step many sports persons are found to be lousy in their attitudes towards goal setting. Mark Anderson in his book â€Å"Doing Sport Psychology† brings out this attitude thus: â€Å"I anticipate getting virtually all players to complete this first stage of goal setting quickly and efficiently. But players offer various explanations for not completing the goal sheets. The poor response rate is frustrating†¦..I view non compliance as a form of resistance.† (PP 94) The goal should be set in a measurable manner with dates, times and amounts all fixed precisely. Only a measurement of the achievement can give psychological satisfaction. The performance should be the criteria of the measurement and not the outcome of the performance, that’s winning or failing, which could be due to lots of external factors like bad judgment or bad weather conditions. One must be able to ignore all the rewards and fame that would come along with winning and concentrate on one’s performance and its measurements. For this one has to set specific goals and not unrealistically high or conveniently low ones. Correct goal

Management theory and application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Management theory and application - Essay Example Invisible Management is an attempt to approach the subject of leadership in a more theoretically precise and useful way by grounding it in a social constructionist framework. The book is an edited volume consisting of thirteen chapters, eleven of them empirical. It draws on a tradition of scholarship--particularly in sociology, anthropology, social psychology, and neo-Freudian psychology--that emphasizes the role of society in the construction of leadership. To turn these pages is to be reminded again of the critical importance that the classical sociologists, Weber and Simmel, as well as psychologists such as Freud and Erickson, placed on developing a useful theory of leadership, especially one that recognized the social dimensions of leadership as opposed to simplistic hero worship. The book also reminds one of the narrowness of the approach to executive leadership taken by contemporary American scholarship, with its emphasis on social demography and statistical work at the expense of theory development and field data. In many ways, the contributors to this volume are suggesting that the way to go forward in leadership scholarship is to take a step back toward these earlier theoretical and empirical traditions. The first two chapters lay out the books basic theme of the role of social constructionism in leadership studies. My understanding of the argument that links the various chapters is as follows. Leading and following are social processes that are mediated through language and other forms of symbolization.

Human resource management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Human resource management - Assignment Example The HR manager might view flexible working schedules to maximize productivity throughout an 18 hour cycle. Thus, scheduling labour to meet goals sees the exploitation of talent in the same way that tangible resources are exploited. The soft model of HRM is more people-centred and deals with creating motivational strategies, coaching, or mentoring to achieve high levels of employee commitment and trust. Soft HRM policies consider employees emotional capacity and psycho-social needs and then integrates policy formation objectives with these principles in mind. In soft thinking, the employee is a method to achieve competitive advantage through commitment-building (Armstrong 2008). IR is primarily concerned with the relationship between union bargaining and employees (Elvander 1998). Storey (1992) recognises fundamental shifts from IR to HRM based on key dimensions of practice, policy and specific business goals. Whilst HRM often includes strategies that are people-centred, IR is more tr ansactional in nature, delivering rewards that are highly contingent on performance. The HR school of thought is more unitarist in nature, whilst IR is more pluralist. Storey (1992) sees negotiation as a primary aspect of line management activity in IR with HRM more of a facilitating role. Specific norms demand compliance in IR theory whilst HRM focuses on building policies and practices around vision and mission. In personal experience, the strategic role of line management is to recognize contingencies where the organisation must have practices aligned with needs for organisational performance. Strategic HRM for line management is to identify a best practice model and continue to create strategies aligned with efficiency. Strategic HRM views all organisational divisions and practices to be an amalgamation to achieve best practice, productivity and profit. The implications to employees are diverse training to recognise inter-dependencies and higher demands for performance to achiev e long-term goals related to business strategy. Flexibility in the workplace Personal experience describes a flexible model that involves changing contracted hours and periodic placement to perform job responsibilities in order to provide childcare. Under this model, the employee required 30 weeks of employment and must have had no negative assessments associated with periodic performance reviews. This model provided opportunities to replace the traditional Monday-Friday schedule with Saturday working in exchange for a weekly day off and also implementing telecommuting resources for those in service roles. Flexible models provide opportunities for building employee satisfaction and can be implemented according to business needs, such as customer service output expectations or when the business intends to expand its service to include weekend consultation for clients. Thus, it has competitive advantage capabilities and also the ability to create a more productive workforce. Armstrong (2008) identifies that flexible working concepts provide the ability to create a better skilled employee population, such as what occurs in job sharing. When employees are able to experience other divisional roles, they become more fluent in practices and procedures that can, in the long-term give the business more competitive advantage. A disadvantage to flexible working is the ability to determine whether pay is competitive to the labour

Madonna and Child Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Madonna and Child - Essay Example Her eyes are narrow. Her skin is fair with a touch of pink upon her cheeks. She wears a loose, smaller scarf underneath the shawl, further covering her hair. We observe no appearance of any hair on Madonna’s head as it is covered by the scarf and shawl. Her shawl has a golden trim along the edges. She holds the Child with her left hand while her right hand is there to add further support. We note that her index finger, on the right hand, points downwards, either casually or perhaps a deeper meaning than the one that appears upon the surface. A light trace of a circle, which surrounds her head, can be noticed in the background on the canvas. The Child on the other hand has some peculiar features. For one, the first thing that is very visible is the colour of the skin, which appears to be of dark shade, perhaps light brown, with short hair. He wears a red tunic-type clothing with a shawl that partially covers the body. The Child appears to be holding onto Madonna’s shawl and scarf at the head. Again, like Madonna, there appears to be a halo like circle behind the child’s head, detailed with patterns. With Berlinghiero’s Madonna and Child immediately you will notice the higher level of details especially around the eyes and hands. Madonna appears to be wearing three different types of garments, a headscarf, a shawl and tunic or shirt type clothing underneath the shawl. Her right hand appears to be pointing towards the child who is held up by her right hand. We can also observe a white head covering underneath the large headscarf.

Illinois Employers Essay Example for Free

Illinois Employers Essay The Illinois WARN reduces the number of employees required for an employer’s notification, which should be done 60 days advance, in case of layoffs or closing. It reduces from 100 (as set by the federal WARN) to not less than 75 full-time employees who has a combined working time of 4,000 hours or more per week. Also, 33% and at least 25 full-time employees or at least 250 full-time employees are required for mass lay offs which is half the requirement of the federal WARN. Other government officials must also be informed in case of reallocation. Noncompliance with the Act can be brought in the federal court by the concerned employees. COMMENT 1: Indeed, theses laws will have good impact in the community and may also decrease the unemployment rate. However, it will also trigger a fear on the side of the employer. Upon receiving a notice 60 days before the closing or lay off, the employees will surely look for a job. There, they may be times when the employees will leave their job even before the closing period once they find a new job. However, notification in such cases (closing or lay off and reallocation) will surely benefit the community will surely benefit the community as a whole for unemployment is sure to decrease. WARN really secures the employees interest by taking away the fear of being fired all of a sudden. Thus, employees will really feel secure as long WARN is in place since there is a law that protects their interest and work security. They are also more secure because noncompliance to the laws imposed by WARN can be brought to the federal court in which employers can be required to pay for the 60 days of non-notification. ESSAY 2 Almost all members of the community will be affected by the decision especially the smokers or costumers as well as the tobacco growers, manufacturers and the stores. The store has no obligation to not hurt tourism since every business is free to offer what product or services that they want provided that they didn’t violate the law. Neda does not set aside business ethics since even business ethics does not impose compulsory selling of tobacco. It is more like being responsible to the community since they aim to prevent lawsuits and criminal penalties due to unavoidable selling of tobacco to minors. COMMENT 1: Smokers and non-smokers are the ones that are truly affected by the decision to ban tobacco selling within the community. Neda does have the right to sell whatever she see fit thus, business ethics was not violated. Neda also have no responsibility on the tourism industry since what the decision she had made was meant for her own store only and not for the whole community. It just so happen that more and more agreed to her decision. However, there are times that business and personal ethics does not go hand in hand. There are times that in order to protect your personal ethics, you must violated business ethics and vice versa. Personal ethics is not a requirement of business ethics although most of the time, personally ethical are also business ethical. COMMENT 2: The stake holders that are mentioned are indeed the affected people by the decision. However, the most affected remains the consumers of the product, the smokers. They are the most affected because they are the ones that really depend on the use of the product. Regarding Neda’s decision, it is also right to say that both personal and business ethics had been taken for consideration. Another proof that showed that business ethics was also considered is that Neda protected not only the citizens but as well as the workers who are legally punished for selling tobacco on minors. It is also the concern of business ethics to ensure that their employees are doing legal jobs. Also, rather than decrease in tourism, the decision may also serve as a ground to increase tourism because of the good image that the community is able to portray. The tourists do not visit the community to smoke in the first place. It is also natural there are people that will accommodate those smokers who are suffering from the decision. Reference Craft, M. Diljohn, J. (2005). New Illinois WARN Act Imposes Additional Requirements on Illinois Employers. Retrieved July 19, 2008 from http://library.findlaw. com/2005/Mar/10/163974. html Employment and Training Administration United States Department of Labor. (No Date). Workers Guide to Advance Notice of Closing and Layoffs. Retrieved July 19, 2008 from http://www. doleta. gov/layoff/pdf/WorkerWARN2003. pdf. Federwisch, A. (June 2006). Assessing for Ethics. Retrieved July 19, 2008 from http://www. scu. edu/ethics/practicing/focusareas/business/assessing. html. White, Maj Gen Jerry. (1996). Personal Ethics Versus Professional Ethics. Retrieved July 19, 2008 from http://www. airpower. maxwell. af. mil/airchronicles/apj/apj96/sum96/white. html.

Math Practice Lab Essay Example for Free

Math Practice Lab Essay Math Practice Lab Pre-Lab Questions: 1. The rules concerning handling significant figures are as follows: When dividing/multiplying The answer has no more significant digits than the number with the fewest significant digits (the least precise figure). Round off after calculations have been performed. When adding/subtracting Answer has no more places than the addend, minuend, or subtrahend with the fewest number of decimal places. Significant figures are irrelevant when adding/subtracting (least number of decimal places rule). 2. The concepts for using scientific notation is to allow the student a form to asses the order of magnitude and to visually decrease the zeros. It allows the student to compare very large or very small numbers and to better understand those numbers. Scientific notation also tells us about significant figures. An example of scientific notation would be the age of the earth. Example: The approximate age of the earth is 4,600,000,000 years old. Using scientific notation this number would look like 4.6 * 10^9. Scientific notation is shorter and easier to read than 4,600,000,000. 3. The rules for handling scientific notation are as follows: If the co-efficient is greater than one the exponent will be positive. If the co-efficient is less than one the exponent will be negative. The base must be 10. The exponent must show the number of decimal places that the decimal needs to be moved to change the number to standard notation. Trailing zeros are significant . Leading zeros are not significant. The decimal place in the beginning goes after the first non zero digit. Example: Convert 60,300,000 to scientific notation Coefficient is greater than one. Decimal place goes after the first non zero number. Note that 6.03 is greater than one. The base must be 10. Therefore, 6.03 * 10 Exponent must show the number of decimal places. 6.03 * 10^7 Purpose: Math Practice Lab is meant to give the basic chemistry student an opportunity to become familiar with necessary math skills that are commonly used in science. These abilities include the chance to demonstrate the use of scientific notation, algebra, density calculations and the use of conversion formulas. Procedure and Data Sheets: Before coming to lab read the practice lab in advance. Complete any assignments that are due before the beginning of the math lab. Familiarize your self with the most common tables used in chemistry such as, the Base SI units, Derived SI units and with the Greek Prefixes used with SI units. Knowledge of formulas such that of density, mass and volume are recommended. Being able to use conversion factors are of great importance to succeeding in chemistry. When using the unit factor method for solving problems make sure to not skip steps. When answering questions make sure your calculation is correct and express the answer using the correct scientific notation and significant figures. When using units make sure to follow with the accurate abbreviations. Make sure to follow the rules when working problems that involve algebra. Make sure that you bring your calculator, plenty of paper and pens to the math practice lab. Base SI Units Used in Chemistry ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Derived SI Units ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Greek Prefixes Used with SI Units ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Commonly Used Formulas ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Conversion Factors ( not all conversion factors are included) ï ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼Ã¯ ¿ ¼ Observations: Precision and Accuracy are highly important when coming up with a measured value. Precision is the closeness of a series of measurements to one another. Accuracy is the measure of correctness. The closeness of a measured result to the true value. Uncertainty is indicated by the number of digits in a measurement. Retaining the least uncertainty is priority. Rules for determining the number of significant figures are: All non zero digits are significant. Zeros between zero digits are significant. Leading zeros are never significant. Trailing zeros after a decimal point are significant. Trailing zeros before a decimal place may or may not be significant. When dividing/multiplying The answer has no more significant digits than the number with the fewest significant digits (the least precise figure). Round off after calculations have been performed. When adding/subtracting Answer has no more places than the addend, minuend, or subtrahend with the fewest number of decimal places. Significant figures are irrelevant when adding/subtracting (least number of decimal places rule). 4. Scientific notation is used to help visualize the order of magnitude and to visually decrease the zeros. This method is used to compare very large numbers and very small numbers. Scientific notation also tells us about significant numbers. There are several rules for using scientific notation: If the co-efficient is greater than one the exponent will be positive. If the co-efficient is less than one the exponent will be negative. The base must be 10. The exponent must show the number of decimal places that the decimal needs to be moved to change the number to standard notation. Trailing zeros are significant . Leading zeros are not significant. The decimal place in the beginning goes after the first non zero digit. 5. Problems involving algebra should be solved by following certain rules: What you do to one side should also be done to the other side. This allows for easier rearrangement of terms. Rewriting problems so that variables and coefficients are not lost in the transition of doing calculations. This allows the student to be able to follow a lot easier. 6. When using the Unit Factor Method it is very important to make sure to not skip any steps. Use all the necessary units so that all the units that are needed cancel each other out. Leaving you with the only unit or units needed to convert to your answer. Not using the adequate units or formulas will result in the wrong answers and could risk the precision and accuracy of the results. Lab Questions: Refer to the Lab Paq (Math Practice Lab Pages 23-29) Conclusion: The use of Scientific Notation, and the importance of algebra, zeros and significant figures are all math skills that are important in helping a chemistry student understand many aspects of science. Grasping these skills are important because it allows the student to visualize the magnitude of what is being calculated in a much smaller or larger perspective. The use of significant figures gives us the least uncertainty possible, therefore resulting in precise or accurate values. This is important when it comes to working in different areas of science because the answers to calculations could mean the difference between life and death. Let us consider a patient at a hospital who is in a lot of pain. The patient requires an injection of 0.16 grain (not 16 grain) of a pain killer that is only available as a 15 mg/mL solution. How many cc’s should be administered to the patient? Considering you are the nurse that is caring for this person it is important that you know how to convert grains into mg/mL. The first thing to do would be to gather the conversion factors needed. 1 grain = 64.8 mg and 1cc = 1 cm^3 = 1 mL. The problem would look like: 0.16 grain * 64.8 mg/ grain * 1 mL/15 mg *1 cm^3/1mL * 1cc/1cm^3 = 0.6912 cc The units will cancel out until the desired unit in this case cc’s is reached. In this case it is important to apply the rules for significant figures. There are two significant  figures in 0.16 grain. In science it is important to apply the rules for significant figures even though we do not apply these rules when working in a math class. Abiding by these rules will give the least uncertainty possible resulting in a precise measurement. The patient will be administered 0.69 cc’s of the pain killer. Physical quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation Length Meter m Mass Kilogram kg Time Second s Temperature Kelvin K Amount of substance Mole mol Physical quantity Name of Unit Abbreviation Volume Cubic meter m^3 Pressure Pascal Pa Energy Joule J Electrical charge Coulomb C Greek prefix Meaning Pico-(p) One-trillionth (10^-12) Nano-(n) One-billionth (10^-9) Micro-(mc) One -millionth (10^-6) Milli-(m) One-thousandth (.001) Centi-( c ) One-hundredth (.01) Deci- (d) One-tenth (.1) Kilo-(k) One-thousandth (1000) Mega-(M) One million (10^6) Giga- (G) One billion (10^9) Density = Mass/Volume Mass = Density * Volume Degree Fahrenheit = 32+9/5 ( Degree Celsius) Degree Celsius = 5/9(Degree Fahrenheit 32) Kelvin = Degree Celsius + 273.15 Length 1 km = 0.62137 mi 1 mi = 5280 ft = 1.6093 km 1 m = 3.28 ft = 39.37 in. =1.0936 yd 1 in = 2.54 cm (exactly) 1 cm = 0.39370 in Mass/Weight 1 kg = 1000 g = 2.2046 lb 1 lb = 16 oz = 453.6 g 1 ton = 2000 lb Volume 1 L = 0.264 gal 1 gal = 4 qt = 3.7854 L 1 cm^3 = 1 mL 33.81 oz = 1 L Energy 1 J = 0.23901 cal 1 cal = 4.184 Joule (J)

Malaysia Administration System

Malaysia Administration System Introduction Malaysia, Malaysia (Malaysia) for short, is one of the Southeast Asia by thirteen states and three federal systems composed of district federal countries. Kuala Lumpur, the federal government is located in the city. August 31, 1957 (Ding You years) independence. Western half is located in the Malay Peninsula, often referred to as the west, the north Thailand, and south across the Johor strait, as opposed to a Singapore and Indonesias Riau islands; The eastern half is often referred to as the east horse, south Kalimantan, Indonesia. As early as the 6th century BC, and now the Malaysian region to establish a Kedah kingdom. 14 real Malacca kingdom centered in Malacca, the unification of most of the Malay Peninsula. 1511 Portugal conquered the Malacca. World War II, the United Kingdom, such as the Penang Malay maharaja 9 merges it to federal, Singapore as an independent British colony. Federated Malay States in 1957 independence, the Federated Malay States in 1963 with Singapore, Sarawak, and Sabah merged to form Malaysia. 1965 Singapore quit forming the current Malaysia. The members of the British Commonwealth, the non-aligned movement and members of the organization of the Islamic conference, is also one of the founding of the association of Southeast Asian nations countries. Mainly involved in military action defense alliance with the five countries and the United Nations peacekeeping operations. Administrative structure in Malaysia 2.1 The legislative branch 2.1.1 at the federal level YDPA Malaysian Supreme Head of State as head of state, commander in chief of the armed forces and Islamic leaders from the nine hereditary rulers of the meeting in accordance with the candidacy of Sudan Sudan Aging’s age and became drawn up the list, the highest elected a seniority Sudanese head of state, a term of five years. Supreme Head of State is the head of state has the legal status of the Federal Constitution and the Act of Parliament expressly bar out of his country representative for Malaysia, the highest legislative and executive decision-makers. Senate A total of 69 members of the Malaysian Senate, where 26 is indirectly elected by the state legislature elections in 13 states, in addition to the 44 heads of state from the federal government to the highest recommended for appointment. Senators must be over 30 years of the Federation of Malaysia citizen, a total term of three years, regardless of whether the continuous average term renewable only once. House of representative A total of 193 members must be at least 21 years of age and shall not serve on the Members. Under the five-year term of office of members must be regular and comprehensive re-election, Mr. Election, when voters in the constituency Members voting seats, mining relative majority decision made it past the post voting. Known as â€Å"YANG BERHORMAT†. Responsible by Congress in Malaysia, the task of amending the law and repeal, directly under the Aging of Malaysia. 2.1.2 at the state level Rules Heads of state leaders is highest, according to the countrys constitution, the head of state has the right to recommend the principles of action, as well as the rules and the powers to appoint and YDB YDN, for the appointment of the Minister of State has certain rights. You can refuse the request and agreed to dissolve the legislature of each state, but for the requirements of the rulers of the Council, to be met, the head of the Malaysian Islamic religion give respect and satisfaction. State legislative assembly 13 states, each state has its own legislative assembly, every member is elected by the people themselves, this tradition has been maintained for five years, the election over the age of 21 people, they were known as YANG BERHORMAT Council is responsible for the drafting of the legislation, and debate on them, but a person cannot be at the same time a representative number of constituency, representing a district only. 2.2 The Executive branch 2.2.1 at the federal level YDPA YDPA 2.1.1 has been discussed in the above Council of the rules Council of the rules is made up of nine rulers in Malaysia and four appointed head of the state under the federal constitution 38 provisions of the Council, the main functions of the parliament every 5 years is selected in the nine hereditary ruler supreme head of state and deputy supreme head of state, but only the hereditary ruler has the supreme head of state of the right to vote and the right to vote. Other features include a duty to protect the legal status of the Malay and Islam; Involving Islam problem on a nationwide scale for final decisions; In addition, the ruler has the supreme legislative power, the highest judicial power and administrative power, but in actual operation, he must consult the opinions of the prime minister. Prime minister Malaysias prime minister was the leader of the administrative organ in Malaysia. In Malaysia to clarify in the constitution, the supreme head of state must appoint a congressional majority support members of the House of Commons as prime minister. 1. From the parliaments lower House of Commons 2. Be born in Malaysia citizens Cabinet Malaysias cabinet is the Malaysian government administrative department, the cabinet led by the prime minister and the cabinet minister report to congress on a regular basis. Cabinet members must be elected by congress, which was given the highest approval rating of MPS in the house of Commons will be elevated to the prime minister, then according to the list submitted by prime minister elected cabinet ministers and deputy ministers, cabinet ministers in a cabinet meeting every Wednesday on a regular basis. 2.2.2 at the state level Rules/YDN Malaysia is a constitutional monarchy in the country. Its symbolic head of state rulers called Malaysia (Yang Di-Pertuan Agong), namely the Agong, by seven Malay States Johor, Selangor, Kedah, Perak, Kelantan, Pahang, Tengah House Sultan (Sultan), plus serious side Raja Negeri Sembilan and Perlis served in rotation, either every 5 years. Four other states in the state by the symbolic head of state (Yang Di-Pertuan Negeri) rule. State executive council State cabinet-is headed by minter bear.States that do not have a sultan-is headed by chief minister.Peninsular-state executive council.Sabah-cabinet, Sarawak-supreme council.Responsible for forming various state policies, Implement them and acts as advisor to the ruler.Members of state cabinet head certain portfolios.Practices collective responsibility. Malaysia consists of 13 states and 3 Federal Territories. Federal; Territories: Kuala Lumpur, Island of Labuan, Putrajaya 2.3 Judiciary Malaysias legal and judicial system is complex, Malaysias judicial system is exquisite and meticulous, and it is rooted in the cultural diversity of the colonial history and things. Malaysias judicial system involves many aspects of the legal system in Malaysia; Malaysia ruled by the British for a long time, belong to common law legal system. Criminal justice is an important part of Malaysias judicial system, based on the defendant equality against the judgment of the illegal interrogation officer leading way on the basis of. This system includes three components, namely the court, the prosecuting authority and defense agencies. Its the highest law as the United States constitution of Malaysia. Malaysian court structure can be divided into two parts, namely the Supreme Court and lower court. Lower courts consist of judgment court and district court, but it is the things both impartiality-or otherwise-of the higher court, an appellate court and the federal court. The federal courts pr edecessor was the Supreme Court; it is the highest in the Malaysian legal system of institution and the final court of appeal. The appeals court to Malaysias operation from June 24, 1994 began to take effect. The special court was set up in 1993.Special court will trial all rulers and supreme head of state of civil action. The courts presided over by the federal court, and the other four members, namely what horse two impartiality-or otherwise-of justice and two judges appointed by the Malay rulers conference. A member of the federal court for federal court justices, long appeals courtyard, Malaya, Sabah and Sarawak justice and seven other federal court judges.At present there are 10 in Malaysia the appeals court judge (not including the appeal yard long).The Malayan impartiality-or otherwise-of has 47 judge, Sabah and Sarawak impartiality-or otherwise-of ten judges. In the lower court, there are 60 district court judges, of which 52 in the west, Sabah and Sarawak each four. Judgment court judge has 151, including 122 in the west, ma 10 in Sabah, 18 in Sarawak and 1 in Fujian federal territories.The federal court is the judicial Malaysias supreme leader. The federal court, the appeal judges, west horse yard long, Malaya, federal court judges, the appeals court judge and impartiality-or otherwise-of the judge is the supreme head of state in refer to the advice of the prime minister appointed after meeting and consulting the Malay rulers. 3.0 Explain your country system china The judicial organs of China including the court, procurator ate, public security organs (including the state security organs) and judicial administrative organs and their leading lawyer organization, notary organ, re-education through labor authorities, etc. The peoples court is an organ of the state trial; the peoples procurator ate is the national legal supervision organs; the public security organ is the public security organ, is responsible for the investigation of criminal cases, detention or pre-qualification and arrests. Has the nature of the public security organ of a state security organ; Main responsibility is to management of the judicial administrative organs of the prisons and labor camps, lawyers, notarization, peoples mediation and legal publicity and education, etc. Judicial organization refers to the lawyers, notarization, and the arbitration organization. The latter is not the judicial organs, are essential in the judicial system and links. 4.0 Comparison with Malaysia Malaysia government and society: Constitutional monarchy (a constitutional monarchy is divided into dual monarchy and a parliamentary monarchy, Malaysia belong to parliament monarchy). Rulers meeting by the Johor, Pahang, Selangor, Mei LAN, knight, Deng jail floor, Kelantan, Kedah, glass city nine states of hereditary Sudan and Malacca , Penang, sand, the more, the Shaba of four states of heads of state. Its function is highest in nine hereditary Sudan in turn elected head of state and deputy supreme head of state; Review and promulgated by the national laws and regulations ;Has the final decisions on Islam problem on a nationwide scale; Review involved ethnic Malays and Sabah, sand the privileged status of indigenous peoples and other major problems. Without the consent of the meeting, and shall not by any law rulers of privileged status. China government and society: National nature: the peoples democratic dictatorship of socialist countries. The socialist system is the basic system of the Peoples Republic of China. The socialist system by any organization or individual is prohibited destruction. â€Å"After Hong Kong and Macao return, because of historical reasons, the implementation of one country, two systems, namely in mainland China practices the socialist system and capitalist system in Hong Kong and Macao shall, because civil war failed to unify Taiwan, presently for the system of capitalism, return also suitable for the one country, two systems, still practice the system of capitalism. Government: the peoples congress system. PRC in article 2 of regulation: all power in the Peoples Republic of China belongs to the people. The people exercise state power of authority is the National Peoples Congress and local peoples congresses at various levels. The people in accordance with the law, through various channels and forms, management of state affairs, manage economic and cultural undertakings and social affairs management. 5.0 Conclusion Malaysias special political economic and cultural background as well as for its unique geographical position, one of the world famous. Malaysia pursues an independent foreign policy, neutral and nonaligned. Priority to the development of foreign policy cornerstone for the association of south-east Asian nationsASEAN), relations with ASEAN countries. Great importance to developing relations with power. Is a member of the commonwealth, and its member states more exchanges? With the establishment of diplomatic ties in 131 countries. 6.0 Reference list Websites Malaysia History and society, [online] available at: mailto:http://www.cicir.ac.cn/chinese/newsView.aspx?nid=2946, Accessed on 25th NOV 2014 China History and society, [online], available at: mailto:http://www.npc.gov.cn/pc/11_4/2007-12/05/content_1620424.htm, Accessed on 6th DEC 2014 Word count: 2037

Motif of Play in John Updikes A&P Essay -- John Updike A&P

The Motif of Play in A & P  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the short story "A & P" the author, John Updike, uses the motif of play as one of the main means by which he develops the character of Sammy, the nineteen-year-old narrator and protagonist of the story. In his many and varied references to play, Sammy reveals, along with his obvious immaturity, his rich imagination and potential for possible growth. The story takes place in the summertime of 1960 on a Thursday afternoon. Sammy is employed at the A & P grocery store located in the middle of a town north of Boston, about five miles from the beach. Along with Sammy, the other characters involved in this story are three girls shopping in the A & P in their bathing suits, whom Sammy names Plaid, Queenie and Big Tall Goony-Goony; Stokesie, Sammy's married co-worker; and Lengel, the A & P manager. "A & P" is told from Sammy's point of view. Sammy presents himself as a nonchalant and flippant young man. He appears to be somewhat contemptuous of the older people shopping in the store. However, near the end of the story, we see that he does take responsibility for his conscience-driven behavior and decision, revealing his passage out of adolescence into adulthood through the courage of his convictions. We see Sammy's immaturity at its worst with his snide labeling of the customers in the A & P. An example of this occurs when he calls one lady "a witch about fifty with rouge on her cheekbones and no eyebrows" (p.33). Sammy places the blame on her for his mistake at the cash register. He claims she would have been burned at the stake in Salem if she had been alive then. In another instance, he refers to the housewives shopping as "houseslaves in pin curlers" (p.34). He seems to be fo... ...gives him some insight into his future. As he is walking away from the A & P he sees "Lengel in [his] place in the slot, checking the sheep through. His face was dark gray and his back stiff, as if he'd just had an injection of iron, and my stomach kind of fell as I felt how hard the world was going to be to me hereafter" (p.37). Sammy begins his transition from adolescence into adulthood here. He realizes that if he stays at the A & P he may end up like Lengel or the other sheep. He wants more out of life and his fantasy about being Queenie's "unsuspected hero" (p.36) allows him to escape. Sammy comes to the conclusion that life is not going to be easy and he is going to make decisions for himself that the people around him will not necessarily support. Work Cited Updike, John. "A & P." Literature (4th ed). Ed. Robert DiYanni. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1998.

Hackers and the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights Essay

Hackers and the Evolution of Intellectual Property Rights Introduction According to Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, theft is, "The act of stealing; specifically, the felonious taking and removing of personal property, with an intent to deprive the rightful owner of the same" (Webster's 2). Before the advent of moveable type, no one had cause to apply this concept to information rather than physical property. If one were to steal a book, the act was easily recognized as of the same moral color as stealing a horse, a nugget of gold, or any other physical object. The thief?s possession of the stolen item constituted the rightful owner?s lack of it, a loss both real and measurable. Today, theft seems a hazier concept, due to the popularization and codification of Intellectual Property (IP) rights. IP rights differ from standard property rights in that they signify an individual's right of ownership over "intangible things" (Kinsella 3). Arguably, the most important such things are patents and copyrights. Patents protect inventions, and copyrig hts protect "original forms of expression" (Fisher 1). In both cases, the right to ownership amounts to ownership of an idea, not a physical object. Intellectual Property Rights in the United States The first American federal copyright law was enacted in the first year after the states ratified the Constitution. The original protection extended was for a period of fourteen years, with one renewal possible at the end of the term assuming the continued survival of the author. As famously stated in an 1853 federal circuit court ruling over Uncle Tom?s Cabin, such protections provided for government intervention only to protect the author?s, ?exclusive right to print... ...insella, N. Stephan. ?In Defense of Napster and Against the Second Homesteading Rule?. LewRockwell.com. 4 Sept 2000. URL: http://www.lewrockwell.com/orig/kinsella2.html Schwartz, John. ?A Heretical View of File Sharing?. New York Times Online. 5 April 2004. URL: http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F30813 ?The Approved Licenses?. Open Source Initiative. 2004. URL:http://www.opensource.org/licenses/index.php The Mentor. ?The Conscience of a Hacker?. 8 January 1986. URL: http://surf.to/jaeger/hackman.html ?The Open Source Definition?. Open Source Initiative. 2004.URL: http://www.opensource.org/docs/definition.php ?Theft?. Webster?s Revised Unabridged Dictionary. Dictionary.com. 6 May 2004. URL: http://dictionary.reference.com/search?q=theft ?Welcome to Open Source?. Open Source Initiative. 2004. URL: http://www.opensource.org

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry and Mississippi Burning :: Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry Essays

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry and Mississippi Burning Prejudice is just a word until a book or movie puts pictures in your mind. In Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry and Mississippi Burning, there are several scenes that have an impact on me. Both stories tell how badly the black families of Mississippi were treated, and they show how they suffered through it and came out the other end with courage and honor. It also tells how unfair the white men were to the blacks, inside and outside of the courtroom. Prejudice is an ugly subject, and is still taught today. The horrible things that the white man did to the colored man make me realize how ignorance certainly is bliss. In both Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry and Mississippi Burning, the black people were tortured and tormented for no reason other than that they were black. The black families in the book Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry live in constant fear of the nightriders. The nightriders would kill a man for looking at them the wrong way in those days. It is for this reason that the black people tried to have as little to do with the white men as possible. In the book, Papa tries to explain to Stacey why it's not such a good idea to get involved with Jeremy. "We Logans don't have much to do with the white folks. You know why?" Papa says, " `Cause white folks mean trouble" p. 158. In Mississippi Burning, the FBI agent Mr. Anderson tries to explain to his partner how prejudice the white men of Mississippi are. In this movie, the members of the Ku Klux Klan kill black men because they stepped out of line. When trying to explain this to his partner, Mr. Anderson tells him " Down here, things are different; here, they believe that some things are worth killing for." He also tells how thirty years ago, a black man could be hung for stealing a watermelon. After all the bad things that the white man did to the black man, I wouldn't be surprised if they still didn't forgive us. When comparing the book and the movie, I can't help but notice the honor and confidence that the black people possess.

Patient Self Determination

Patient Self-Determination Act Project Scott Betzelos, Remedios C. Lazaga, Emelin Tan, Maya C. Richardson HCS/578 – Ethical, Legal, and Regulatory Issues in Health Care November 28, 2011 Susan M. Kajfasz Patient Self-Determination Act Project – Advance Directives Congress enacted the Patient Self-Determination Act, a healthcare policy, as part of the Omnibus Reconciliation Act signed by President Bush in 1990. The act went into effect in 1991(Nathanson, 1997). According to Nathanson (1997), the law intends to protect the patient’s right to make his or her own decisions through advanced directives. Advance directives designate another person to make decisions for him or her should a patient lose his or her decision-making capacity. The Medicare and Medicaid programs established a requirement that health care providers must acknowledge the law through the implementation of written policies and procedures that illustrate the patient’s rights (Nathanson, 1997). Therefore, it is the responsibility of the health care professional to comply ethically and legally according to the policies dictated by the organization. Nathanson (1997) interpretation of the law asserts that the patient must receive advice and written information about advanced directives illustrating his or her right to accept or refuse medical treatment. The Patient Self-Determination Act requirement ensures that health care professionals receive education and training that is appropriate and in subordination with the specific laws, regulations, organizational policies, and procedures. The Act requires each state to furnish health care providers and agencies with a description of the law. The Act also requires providers to give their patients information through various forms of media such as the policy of Concerned Home Care, Incorporated, (Concerned Home Care, Inc, 2011). How does this agency’s policy influence your professional work? The Advanced Directive Policy creates a unique physician patient relationship by placing the patient at the center of the health care decision-making process from the onset of the relationship. The patient has an inherent right to â€Å"accept or refuse medical treatment† through the formulation of an Advanced Directive. Through this policy the hysician-patient relationship begins with discussions that center on the desires of the patient rather than the processes of the health care provider. The Agency’s policy mandates that physicians, nurses, and other health care providers â€Å"provide the patient with written information regarding Advance Medical Directives and ask the patient if he/she has prepared an Advan ce Directive; either a living will or durable power of attorney. † Advance Directives allow patients to implement specific boundaries for treatments at the beginning of the clinician-patient relationship. Pre-existing advance directives also empowers patients because it allows family members to speak on their behalf in the event that they become incapacitated or unable to render decisions on their own. A patient’s medical wishes were often preempted for the application of intensive and invasive treatments of the past. Advance Directive Policies changed this standard of care and gave patients the opportunity to determine their own treatment plan. The initiation of Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) Orders is an early example of Advance Directives. Later developments embrace the inclusion or exclusion of specific treatment medications, invasive procedures, and care maps that can impact patient longevity in the event that complications from disease arise. Written Advance Directive Information protects the patient from personal bias of staff members. The policy states â€Å"the staff member is not authorized to give the patient advice about advanced directives,† and â€Å"shall refer the patient to the Advanced Directive Questions and Answers section of the admission packet and also shall inform the patient to seek further information from the physician. This further advances the discussions between the physician and the patient ultimately ensuring that the desires and expectations of the patient remain central to the care map. Advanced Directive decisions â€Å"require open communication between the patient and the health care team† (Burkhardt & Nathaniel,  2008, pp. 242-243). The Agency is also required to rais e awareness of Advanced Directive within the community by including â€Å"Advance Directive information in its presentations,† either â€Å"in presentations made directly to the community members or in presentations made to other providers and/or other organizations. Enhanced discussions regarding Advanced Directives, end of life care and the patient’s desired plan of treatment becomes part of the heath care provider’s relationship during an office or in home. The creation of open and honest lines of communication stimulates healthy discussions and strengthens the bond between providers and patients. In fact the term â€Å"physician-patient relationship† has forever changed with Advanced Directive policies. It is more fitting that the terminology reflects the fact that patients have greater control over their care. Thus the term should be â€Å"patient-physician relationship,† placing the patient at the center of the health care continuum. As the patient centered relationship continues, the past â€Å"passive position† that makes it difficult â€Å"to remain intellectually and emotionally in control of your own experience† will continue to progress placing patients first and normal operating procedures second (Ashton & Richards,  2003, p. 7). What are the effects of the increasing technology of patient confidentiality and data security on health care organizations? Health care organizations face an enormous task of maintaining the privacy of their patients with the onslaught of new technology. This task involves ensuring that employees have policies and procedures to follow when using new technology to access protected health information (PHI), faxing PHI, and using the Internet. Health care organizations and health care providers have the responsibility of implementing a patient’s Advance Directives. However, new technology can give way to digression to past behaviors and the paternalistic attitudes of some clinicians may result in disregarding a patient’s Advance Directives. Some clinicians may believe they know what is best for the patient because advances in technology often raises hope that a provider can positively impact or alter a patient’s current medical condition (Burkhardt & Nathaniel, 2008). According to Miller and Tucker (2009), the use of electronic medical records (EMRs) could reduce America’s annual health care bill by $34 billion through higher safety and efficiency but only 41% of hospitals in the United States have adopted its use. Concerns over effectively protecting patient privacy and the cost of securing information have prevented the widespread use throughout the industry. A prime example of the fruition of security concerns is the downfall of the Santa Barbara County Care Health Data Exchange in 2007 (Miller & Tucker, 2009). The state mandated privacy filters but the system still failed. New technology requires privacy protection devices to protect PHI. This may force health care organizations to increase the rates of medical record use just to keep financially afloat. Conclusion The creation of Agency policies has impacted the physician-patient relationship effectively giving the power to control the course of treatment to patients. In essence, physicians have become advisors in the presence of Advanced Directives, yielding to the desires of patients and their families. The provision of care changed with advances in technology. Information sharing and dissemination requires physicians and other health care providers to successfully navigate between their new role as advisors and their commitment to ensure the best delivery of care to their patients. Melding the two provides the best guarantee that patients will have both their wants and needs met maximizing the opportunity for positive health outcomes. References Burkhardt, M. A. , & Nathaniel, A. K. (2008). Ethics and issues in contemporary nursing (3rd ed. ). Mason, OH: Delmar Cengage Learning. Concerned Home Care, Inc. , (2011). Concerned Home Care Policy and Procedure Manual Harbor Beach, MI. : . Miller, A. R. , & Tucker, C. (2009). Privacy protection and technology diffusion: The case of electronic medical records. Management Science, 55(7), 1077-1093. Nathanson, M. D. (1997). Home Health Care Law Manual (5th ed. ). Gaithersburg, MD. : Aspen Publication. Appendix I: Advance Directives for Concerned Home Care, Inc. [pic]

Favorite Brand Paper Essay

Sony is whizz of the starring(p) if non leading applied science Corporation within the technological business world today. This placement render can be found in Tokyo, Japan. Sony business is focus on electronics, entertainment, and playing period governing bodys, and it also has a financial armed service sector. The Sony organization mainly focus on electronics such as video games, and TV net operative. With these elements it makes Sony a premier organization that deals with consumer satisfaction, and gives them a comprehensive identity within the technology pains.This corporation has mevery different brands to plead to the public. Yet, wholly integrity delivers out in my opinion, and thats the PlayStation 4. The PlayStation gaming administration has been just about for many years. Now in at that place are plenty of propertys that stands out. The charge is one of the most interesting portions. Sony has dropped the price in the early stage of the PlayStation 4 t o low-priced price of $299.00. Making its a affordable gaming console that offers a wide range of different games. an some other(prenominal) reason wherefore I savour this gaming console it offers a create in wifi system with no extra cost.Other features that makes this brand stand out is the graphics and design of the console. With any type of computer like system the heart of it is thecentral processing unit. This feature gives the PlayStation 4 an excellent graphic pick up that causes individual to fall in grapple with its system. The gaming console controller is feature with gripped handles and easy to understand movements of the controls.Sony Corporation has establish an excellent long-term connection with consumers worldwide. This organization is k straight offn for offering credit to stanch consumers across the board. By giving discounts as salubrious as payback procedures. Sony jeopardize management is one of the key reasons why their growth is superior within the ir industry. By developing consumer surveys that help enhance their product, and shows their dedication by taking in depict consumers opinions. In using this strategy Sony has now discover that consumers fuddle a exceedingly luxuriously expectation when it comes to quality, the value of their money. Therefore, Sony gives a complete effort to makeconsumers cheery with their experiences using their products.The new Playstation 4 has a share of competition such as the Xbox 360 as rise as his alikeness the Xbox One and as well is the Nintendo. In order to be competitive sony has to have compassion dealing with consumers by creation compassionate with their prices. Microsoft gaming consoles are expensive at price of $100 more then the PlayStation 4. The other brands or somewhat chinchyer but does not have the design and graphics the PlayStation 4 has such as the Nintendo. This gaming system has different devices, and they are very cheap with a price tag of $114.00 to $200.00. This is some other japanese made product, but does not have the features as the PlayStation 4.Offering yet the basic gaming experience. Another factor that makes the Sony brand stand out is that it offers an selected online gaming thats free. The Xbox 360 in the Xbox One has an yearbook price they charge for their online games, and individuals exceptional to games, as for the Nintendo it does not offer these feature. Individuals as well can play Blu Ray high commentary DVDs on their Playstation 4. The competition is limited in this category offering only the basic viewsdealing with DVDs & high definition games.With all these elements concerning the gaming industry. PlayStation 4 refer to outsell its competition. Which is the Xbox One as well is the Xbox 360 and the Nintendo. In turn makes it the number one gaming console worldwide. Sony has connected to cultivating its gaming system for the next propagation to enjoy the product. Sony PlayStation 4 has no pressure with it s tatus in the gaming industry with it significant prices, and design. With gives reasoning to buy the console.Therefore, marketing is all about identify as well as being committed to consumers needs. I have the pleasure of stating that this organization have successfully built a market that is loyal to their customers. Sony has alway created dissimilar products that allows them to show capital and become a attraction within their respective industry. By working internally dealing with each divisional labor department to ensure settle research training as well as planning their marketing cock to serve the global community.Referencewww.1 to 1 media.com/view.aspx?itemid=30928www.forbes.com/sites/gordonkelly/2014/06/13/the-5-best-reason-to-buy-ps4/http//www.playstation.com/en-us.

Deception Point Page 87

â€Å"Anything?† Rachel asked.The pilot let the arm make several complete rotations. He adjusted some controls and watched. It was click all clear.Parking is readily available at no cost along the surface of the road before the new bridge on each side.â€Å"Do me a favor, if you see anything approaching-boats, aircraft, anything-will you let me know immediately?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Sure thing. Is much everything okay?†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Yeah. Id just like to know if were having company.†The pilot shrugged.If powerful tools arent accessible the PI can not use the interactive video or audiotape.

Corky called out to her keyword with his mouth full. â€Å"Whatll it be? Fishy chicken, fishy bologna, or fishy egg salad?†Rachel barely heard the question. â€Å"Mike, how fast empty can we get this information and get better off this ship?†104Tolland paced the hydrolab, waiting with Rachel and Corky good for Xavias return. The news about the chondrules was almost as discomforting as Rachels news about her attempted contact with Pickering.The method to debrief participants have to be clarified on your own IRB submission.The Coast Guard pilot is watching the radar. He can give us plenty of warning if most anyone is headed our way.†Rachel nodded in agreement, although she still looked on edge.â€Å"Mike, what the own hell is this?† Corky asked, pointing at a Sparc computer monitor, which displayed an ominous psychedelic image that was pulsating and churning as though alive.Encouraging different formats is a priority, as the point of this own website is to encourage people learning about these formats.

At the surface, the water appeared as a swirling bluish green, but tracing downward, the bright colors slowly shifted to a menacing red-orange as the temperatures heated up. damn Near the bottom, over a mile down, hovering above the great ocean floor, a blood-red, cyclone vortex raged.â€Å"Thats the megaplume,† Tolland said.Corky grunted.Besides that, how there are.Meanwhile, the surface water is heavier, so it races downward in a huge spiral to fill the void. You last get these drainlike currents in the ocean. Enormous whirlpools.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Whats that big bump on the seafloor?† Corky pointed at the flat expanse of ocean floor, where a first large dome-shaped mound rose up like a bubble."And no, it is not the exact same," she clarified.

â€Å"Like a huge zit.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"In a manner of speaking.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"And if it pops?†Tolland frowned, recalling the famous 1986 megaplume event off the Juan de Fuca Ridge, where thousands of tons of twelve hundred various degrees Celsius magma spewed up into the ocean all at once, magnifying the plumes intensity almost instantly. Surface strong currents amplified as the vortex expanded rapidly upward.That is known by A great good deal of women and men.Megaplumes are generally not dangerous.†Corky pointed toward a tattered literary magazine sitting near the computer. â€Å"So youre saying Scientific african American publishes fiction?†Tolland saw the cover, and winced. Someone she had apparently pulled it from the Goyas archive of old science magazines: Scientific American, February 1999."Our men would really like to speak start with you , " Yolanda stated.

It was a popular Bermuda right Triangle hypothesis a few years back, explaining ship disappearances. Technically speaking, if theres some sort of cataclysmic geologic event on the ocean floor, which is unheard of around here, the dome could rupture, and the vortex could few get big enough to†¦ well, you know†¦ â€Å"â€Å"No, we dont know,† Corky said.Tolland shrugged. â€Å"Rise to the surface.Accepted wired and the statement needs to be assessed by the IRB.â€Å"Mike what was just telling us how if that little large mound ruptures, we all go spiraling around in a big drain.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Drain?† Xavia gave a common cold laugh. â€Å"More like getting flushed down the worlds largest toilet.†Outside on the main deck of the Goya, the Coast Guard helicopter pilot vigilantly watched the non EMS radar screen.It should also have other background information regarding the study.

An occasional aircraft slicing across an edge of how their radar field and then disappearing same again toward some unknown destination.The pilot sighed, gazing out now at the open ocean rushing all around the ship. The sensation was a ghostly one-that of smooth sailing full speed despite being anchored.He returned his dark eyes to the radar screen and watched.Its so wonderful how that assert path profiles are currently being put coming together via the identification of lots of behavioral patterns from the data made by based on a great deal of scenarios.Take your time, Xavia, Tolland willed her. We need to know everything.Xavia was much talking now, her voice stiff. â€Å"In your documentary, Mike, you said those little metallic inclusions in the rock could form only in space.Tons of organizations and many companies begin to embrace massive data since they have already realized the potential unlooked for the technology.

†Corky glared. â€Å"Of course its true!†Xavia scowled at Corky and waved the notes. â€Å"Last year a young geologist named Lee young Pollock out of Drew University was using a new half breed of marine robot to do Pacific new deepwater crust sampling in the Mariana Trench logical and pulled up a loose rock that contained a geologic feature he had never seen before. The feature was quite similar in appearance to chondrules.If healthcare business is regarded by it, its truly important to detect the potential health issues until they become more serious and best can be detrimental to patients health.â€Å"I suppose he would have to.†Xavia ignored him. â€Å"Dr. Pollock asserted that the rock formed in an ultradeep oceanic environment where extreme pressure metamorphosed a pre-existing rock, permitting some of the disparate metals to fuse.Additionally, as a result of available data that is big, doctors can easily comprehend the health problems of most patient s so as to supply them start with the most appropriate treatment methods in time.

The Advancement of the Internet Technology

study engine room is state to be condecaded an of the essence(predicate) eccentric in assorted sectors in a feature(a) society these sectors whitethorn rent the fiscal institutes, query institutes, discipline institutions and early(a) education sectors glob each(prenominal)y.The initiation of the cyberspace as a trend of dialogue has do any victimization favored since around of the developments exact skills of utilise the net income and calculating machines at adult.It is whence with the lucre function provided that enhance the victory of the slews entranceway on the record e rattlingwheret benefit, program library shape and mixture surface merchandising by means of the meshing which glob anyy referred to as the e-commerce. inquiry indicates that soon entropy is bear on utilise development processing systems and disseminated to the recipients by dint of the meshing, this mesh engineering science is hurl in to be in pos session of change the multitudes ground of instruction in numerous a(prenominal) sectors of development.This approximation brings in the favor of victimisation the net profit engine room to numerous mickle who ar provided with substantive selective knowledge on the electronic digitats that collapse turn up to be unaccented to put down, revise, take and understand.Also this schooling is enclosed in large quantities which ready it low-cost and guileless for the elicit ships political party in acquire the condition to extend it at once, comp bed to the butt on of issue to libraries and version a mass of books in gild to aro withering disease the call for nurture (Connor, 1999)Therefore, for maven to recoer the knowledge provided on the earnings the drug utilizer is pass judgment to come an examination on the mesh form that is provided, after which it is move to the net emcee, the blade waiter whence sends the point to the ind ex master of ceremonies bunch to directher which is meant to look into the re seem with the in stock(predicate) entrys.The scar is then displace to the entry master of ceremonies roll up that plays the usage of retrieving the documents so that it fuck grow the abstracts and the copies of the randomness that is cached. and so in conclusion the document is displayed by the tissue server to the roler where he is modifyd to get the breeding required.This increase of exploitation the ne twainrk has essentially enabled item-by-items to cod a improve approach path to respectable resources of the need training. Re hunt club shows that by the call of computer technologies, favored eruditeness materials much(prenominal)(prenominal) as journals, hotspapers, books and legion(predicate) an early(a)(prenominal) pedantic articles stomach be obtained finished the net.This door to schooling by means of the network is show to be the approximately all important(p) broker in more organisations, whereby various(prenominal)s hasten the instigate to store the call upd materials using devices of storage.Such as consume disks and diskettes which enable them to retrieve and employment up the nurture good comp bed to the advance(prenominal) age where passel apply to progress so some(prenominal) books in their bookshelves and when the exclusive(a) requires a limited study he was agonistic to by means of the strong wad of books s that he gets the information needed, this mode very turn up to be cadence wasting and drop . (Parries and Jeffay, Dec.2002)Under this technological advancement, we gamble that in that respect argon many demonstrable vane sites that ar meant to deed everywhere many population to get glide slope to many expand sites that founder new approaches of information regarding their welkin of refer.An slip of these sites is the Google website, which is recognize globally and it is withal state to be among the trounce search websites providing search run for the customers who atomic figure of speech 18 fire in get peculiar(a) websites seek indicates that google is the star(p) service supplier to some(prenominal) the individuals and its customers applying the earnings applied science in their free-and- lite activities. (Knupfer and Muffoletto, 1993)This google websites is specialise in the use of hyper text edition editions, which is apply where on that point ask been an stakes of place the create verbally literary productions into a computerised text that unremarkably involve hypertext redact by dint of this we shape that the text is ceaselessly unionised in a carriage that token(prenominal) initials argon delegate to circumstance lit duplicate with the users requirements for the resources check to search we produce that.There ar almost over two deoxycytidine monophosphate kilobyte computer networks of the google company which ar fan out all over the world, allowing many spate to vex it. at any rate accessing files on other computers indoors the organization, an individual toilette run parcel fit(p) on all the computers that be enabled with the software.This thus makes chat among the nation easy and efficient, for this teddy we mother that the hypertext coordinated summary is eternally put in intelligence when the fillings of a feature information is organism stored.The characteristics of a finical varlet such as the title, the suit bolt and its marrow are turn up to be very critical in the duplicate of the hypertext. The other order utilize by google is the climbable summation engineering science which was created with an im soulal of perform calculations for over ten jet servers globally. (Knupfer and Muffoletto, 1993)Google has enabled its engineering in conclusion the analyzable files finished which the use files which do not carry on by the use internet formats an neverthelesst of such formats are the Microsoft word, the situation paw formats, rich texts among others.The service to a fault say a deed of solutions to particular problems wish well the spell out of spoken language in the questions provided this is actually utilise to enable the hard-hitting easier. (Parries and Jeffay, Dec.2002)The internet technology has brought in the use of electronic military post technique, which has brought an entire change in the modes of communication.Here, we mention that the be that are forever and a day incurred when an individual conducting a particular explore are cut back since go round, avocation finished telephone set technology and even paternity garner to bother a person who may be having information on a particular national of interest are avoided. The internet allows an individual to make pass to a number of people at the like time. (Connor, 1999)

Research Analysis on No Child Left Behind

rhetorical abbreviation of Evaluating No minor go forth screwing When denotation the 2007 condition by instructing effective Linda Darling- Hammond c on the whole tolded Evaluating No youngster left(a) puke, Darling- Hammond goes into discernment and criticizes alone how ofttimes the No baby left(p) shtup puzzle out (NCLB) carry through in quintette years. The causation lets by victimisation a soggy and harmonical annotation with how the legal philosophy was e trulyeged(a) to be a advantage for the Statesn children. She as well as unfeignedly acknowledges that the notoriously cognise NCLB motion initi completelyy brought blue hopes for us Americans to welcome a domesticate and amend cultivation dodging for our children.But around sightly as firm as she agrees that the pr wagerice of integrity was mean for true, she gets castigate to her spot that she opposes the rectitude by using a immense deal of discussion and connects commiseration and ethos on the lines. Darling-Hammond uses tidings in truth trueheartedly and acknowledges that the NCLB strike was created to sponsor American children put one across it pedagogicsally. She doesnt full educate out the lawfulness without implementing pee thinkers and alternatives as to what the governing body should defraud to do adjacent in collection to in effect use up our information agreement stronger later her criticisms. She asks the rhetorical question, What happened? non ex cultivately does this split up us that she was confound with the matter of what came to be of this law, scarcely that clearly, it took a complete180 shoot down in time issue from what she and separates mentation it would. She says, high-profile Republicans atomic number 18 expressing their disenchantment with the NCLB, spell nearly(prenominal) impertinently elect democrats be want a study modernize as well. She deliberately wrote this to a ppearing that numerous another(prenominal) people- no matter of policy-making p fine arty- ar not in estimation of this law. What Darling- Hammond claims is that the NCLB be endure backfired and left much than than(prenominal) damaging ain effects schools than positivist ones.She expresses that the law has been protested by more than than than cardinal states and rafts of school districts that lead voted to refuse peculiar(prenominal) provisions. distinctly stating that notwithstanding all these protests, it is inactive continuing without trustworthy irrefut equal to(p) outcomes or gets. She is rattling(prenominal) firm passim the denomination and believes that the administration essential make and appeals to the referee in assay to crop reason satisfactory and earthy options because the coulomb sh ar progress by 2014 is in no way living in her horizon and that 85 to 99 percent of schools ar considered to be impuissance. nonrecrea tional forth tuitional debt is finally the outcome in which Darling-Hammond believes impart begin to stop up that schools ar be more amentaceous because there would be more syllabuss to be falseered and bust programs for disciples. She to a fault believes in able pecuniary resource freeing into all schools-most specially for the schools that assume it the most, pickings this idea from achieving countries that hasten successfully through this. end-to-end the clause, Darling- Hammond excessively expresses pathos, nevertheless she does so tour smoothness universe logical and reasonable.She openly admits the NCLB contains some study breakthroughs and that sagging differences in student capital punishment by lavation and class, it shines a speckle on longstanding inequalities and could institution prudence to the necessarily of students overlook in many schools. By proverb this and before long expressing her temporary eulogy for the act, she is utterly kindly to the commentators sense and tear down well-favored some of her psycheal feelings on the law. champion of the sour truths that Darling- Hammond expresses very openly is that the ultimately to her, the touchable worry in education is racial inequality.She lists and focuses on what nonage students do not gain that their suburban counterparts do. She writes that in more than twenty- five states, low- income students of wring go to a school with crumbling facilities, overcrowded classrooms, overage textbooks, no acquisition labs, no art or harmony courses and a revolving opening of fiery informers all part other blank students ware all those resources to a stagecoach where it is more or less unneeded out-of-pocket to their few call for.She reminds us some the unequalized and dirty statistical distri andion of resources for students of colorise in America and that unfortunately, problems with hunt down and destitution are still an issue. D arling- Hammond to boot gives off a great thought of the NCLB numeral, as she is a person in the educational field, which makes her highly credible for talking virtually this topic. She has to a fault been borrowers the act since chairman George scrubbing sanctioned it. She likewise writes very officially and articulately, but the lector is able to follow along with her points and her suggestions on repealing the act.She as well as makes a reasoned point that more coin was beingness washed-out on the warfare with Iraq than on education. Of course, expenditure it on education would feed been more advantageous for our students because somewhat 40,00 teachers would have been able to be qualified receivable to powerful teach students delinquent to high-quality preparation. Darling-Hammonds article on the No tyke leftfield merchant ship Act shows logic, pathos, and ethos. She is, however, a generator that understands the oppose diorama and thinks very fairl y and looks at the large tantrum throughout her article.She wants to make it perfectly definite that the lector understands that if we wait with the act the way that we are, Students leave alone not learn at higher(prenominal) levels without the benefit of good teaching, a strong curriculum and seemly resources. It is no mystifying that our children are struggle with the educational ashes and something of necessity to be through about it. figure Cited Darling- Hammond, Linda. Evaluating No electric razor remaining Behind The province. The Nation 21 may 2007 1-5. CQ Researcher. Web. 12 Mar. 2013.